• Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: To investigate and diagnose conditions affecting the uterus, such as abnormal bleeding, polyps, fibroids, adhesions, or structural abnormalities.
• Operative Hysteroscopy: To perform surgical interventions or treatments during the same procedure, such as removing polyps, fibroids, or adhesions.

2. Hysteroscope and Instruments:

• Hysteroscope: A thin, flexible or rigid tube with a light and camera at the end, allowing the healthcare provider to visualize the interior of the uterus on a monitor.
• Operative Instruments: Additional instruments, such as scissors, forceps, or a laser, may be passed through channels in the hysteroscope for surgical procedures.

3. Types of Hysteroscopy:

• Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: Primarily for visualization and assessment of the uterine cavity.
• Operative Hysteroscopy: Involves surgical procedures performed within the uterus using specialized instruments.

4. Indications for Hysteroscopy:

• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: To investigate and treat the cause of abnormal menstrual bleeding.
• Recurrent Miscarriages: To assess and address factors that may contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss.
• Polyps and Fibroids: Removal of uterine polyps or small fibroids.
• Asherman’s Syndrome: Treatment of intrauterine adhesions.
• Uterine Septum: Correction of a uterine septum, a congenital condition where a band of tissue divides the uterus.

5. Procedure Steps:

• Anesthesia: Hysteroscopy may be performed under local anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the procedure.
• Insertion of Hysteroscope: The hysteroscope is gently inserted through the cervix and into the uterus.
• Visualization: The interior of the uterus is visualized on a monitor.
• Treatment: If needed, surgical interventions such as cutting adhesions, removing polyps or fibroids, or performing other procedures are carried out.
• Removal of Hysteroscope: The hysteroscope is carefully removed, and the procedure is completed.

6. Recovery and Aftercare:

• Recovery is generally quicker compared to traditional open surgeries.
• Mild cramping and vaginal bleeding may occur, but these symptoms typically resolve within a few days.
• Most women can resume normal activities relatively quickly after the procedure.

7. Advantages of Hysteroscopy:

• Minimally Invasive: Hysteroscopy avoids the need for abdominal incisions.
• Shorter Recovery Time: Patients often experience shorter hospital stays and quicker recovery compared to traditional surgeries.
• Precise Diagnosis and Treatment: Direct visualization allows for accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment.

8. Risks and Complications:

• While hysteroscopy is generally safe, risks may include infection, injury to the uterus or surrounding structures, or complications related to anesthesia.

9. Follow-Up:

• Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor recovery and address any concerns.